My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing - 1160 Words

Personal Philosophy of Nursing Introduction The development of a philosophy related to the profession of nursing is important in that it provides a framework for the nurse to base his/her work on. Philosophy is defined by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means†. In other words, philosophies are based on beliefs and assumptions with an overall goal of obtaining an objective which states the nurse’s purpose in the profession. In my undergraduate nursing program I was exposed to multiple nursing concepts that guided my practice. Coupled with my ten years of experience in the nursing field, I was enabled to formulate my own framework or guide to nursing. The paradigm which resonates with me the most is the interactive-integrative perspective as it views practice â€Å"as having multiple, interrelated parts in relation to a specific context.† (Newman, Sime, Corcoran-Perry, 1991, p.38). My framework include s three main components: the client, the professional nurse, and the nurse-client relationship. Client Most important to my philosophy of nursing is the health and well-being of the entity seeking nursing care. To further define, nursing can be called upon to treat not only one individual, but a group of individuals, or a community. In my personal experience, I have worked almost exclusively with one individual, however I feel my philosophy could be applied to groups andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1475 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing When one thinks of a nurse they often think of a caring, compassionate, knowledgeable individual. They don’t often think that every nurse comes from different situation, past experiences, and life changing events that make nurses who he or she is. Everyone on this earth is unique and has something to contribute. The same goes for patients. Each patient has a different background and have different interests which make them who they are. In order to give the optimalRead MorePersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1190 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing Megan A. Farrell Moberly Area Community College Introduction I, Megan Farrell, am currently a Licensed Practical Nurse at a treatment center that works with prisoners. I accepted a clinical positon here as a graduate, but plan to work in a hospital setting once I have become a Registered Nurse working in the Intensive Care Unit. I quickly worked my way up the latter from the clinic nurse to the Chronic Care nurse and I am quite passionate about furtherRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1093 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy is a distinct disciple on its own right, and all disciplines can claim their own philosophical bases that form guidelines for their goal† (Meleis, 2012, p. 28). In simpler terms, philosophy is your worldview and thought process of life. Our philosophy transcends into our beliefs and values’, examining our philosophy allows us to discover what is important to us and helps define priorities and goals (Meleis, 2012, p.28). Being aware of our philosophy creates individuality in each personRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing932 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Nursing My personal philosophy of nursing began at an early age watching my mother volunteer for 25 years on the local rescue squad, following in the footsteps of her mother. I learned that helping others in a time of need should always be a priority. Respect and dignity should always be shown to people, no matter the who they are or where they are from. I have and will continue to show compassion for others while administering professional holistic care, guided by the AmericanRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1304 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Nursing Philosophy A nursing philosophy is concepts or values that a nurse embraces within his/her practice and allows these concepts and values to shape the way he/she practices nursing and drives the purpose of their nursing care. It is important for each nurse to develop his/her philosophy of nursing to be a purpose driven nurse. Each nurse will have his/her own nurse philosophy because each believes differently. Nursing philosophies might come from different understandings butRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1053 Words   |  5 PagesThis aforementioned are the podium upon which the value and philosophies of the success of each profession is based. These philosophies and values do not operate in a vacuum. They influence the way which professionals carry out their day to day activities for maximum success. Consequently, Nursing and Nurses are not immune to the great influence of values and philosophies, be it at personal or corporate levels. This is because, nursing as a profession d eals with the constant interaction with patients;Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing949 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing My inspiration to pursue a career in Nursing began at a young age, after reading the biography of Florence Nightingale. I was in middle school, and intrigued at her courage, and dedication to care for the sick. As I entered college, and into a formal nursing education program, I still viewed nursing as, the care provided to another in need. Without my knowing, I was developing a philosophy of nursing for myself. As the years passed, I began to realize that nursingRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous philosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurse’s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problems in the face of cultural and spiritual differences. Personal PhilosophyRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1081 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 1 PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 6 Personal Philosophy of Nursing Caroline Thiongo BSN V Millers College of Nursing Abstract This paper explores my personal nursing philosophy that I will convey in my career of nursing. It is my belief that nursing is a commitment to public service and a desire to help those in need. Nursing is a discipline of knowledge acquired both through formal education and through life experiences. The sum of these parts continuesRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1330 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing The purpose of this essay is to depict the personal philosophy of nursing and any future aspirations I have acquired in my first semester of nursing school. Before I can create my own philosophy of nursing, I must first understand and define what philosophy is and how it relates to nursing. According to  the Oxford Dictionary, philosophy is â€Å"the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline†

My Strengths And Weaknesses As A Social Worker Helps Me

Self-Evaluation Assessment Social work exists to provide effective social services to individuals, families, groups, communities and society so that social functioning may be enhanced and the quality of life improved. (Zastrow, 2013) Assessing my strengths and weaknesses as a social worker helps me see what I must maintain, and what I must improve on to become the kind of social worker that educates and inspires. The skills I identify with in my practice are; empathy, identifying strengths, and respect. These skill sets are vitally important to ensure clients receive the best possible outcome. When assessing clients a specific skill that I identify with is empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand and share feelings of others. To effectively display empathy requires certain characteristics. Some of the characteristics of empathy that I employ are; having the innate ability to put myself in the other people’s shoes. This allows for a better understand toward the experience s the family has gone through. For empathy to be displayed accurately, effective communication is essential. Effective communication is asking the right questions and providing reflective listening so the family knows the professional truly understands their circumstances. Effective communication allows for an accurate assessment of the family. Effective communication is a vitally important component of empathy. Empathy can be displayed though effective communication, such as, effectivelyShow MoreRelatedAdvantages I Can Get from My Strengths and Weaknesses1078 Words   |  4 PagesA persons strengths and weaknesses are vital in whom a person is. Most people have no idea if they are weak and some do. When i am finished with my life i hope that one day i wont walk to the other side of a building to avoid a crowd, or if i hear someone talking about politics i wont be scared to say what i think, and that i can give people something to do that i could do for myself. My weaknesses are being crowds. actually voicing my own opinions, and giving others responsibility. I know thatRead MoreSocial Workers And Social Work Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagessociety do not seem to recognize how important social workers are.From jails to hospitals, social workers are needed in every setting. I may not have a lot of experience being a social worker but I believe that this program will help me become one. My goal in entering the social work profession is to use the experiences I have been through to help others. I am motivated by the desire to help others as well as the desire to change their world. Social workers are often the front line for protecting childrenRead MoreReflection On Social Work855 Words   |  4 Pages Social Work Reflection Hope Marks Introduction to Macro Practice Social Work Reflection In the social work field, one comes across many kinds of people all the time. It is crucial that all social workers are intact with their biases and understand their competency. When a social worker starts in the field it is important for them to come to realize that everyone has biases they may or may not be aware of, as well as knowing their limitations when working with different kinds ofRead MoreProfessional Values And Ethics Of Social Work1429 Words   |  6 Pages Social Work is a distinctive practice and an ever-changing field in our world today. A few especially intriguing aspects of this profession are the wide spectrum of its professional values and ethics, appreciation for human diversity, and the emphasis on social and economic justice. With such widespread approaches and focuses, a master s degree in Social Work would open endless and exciting possibilities for my future. However, I believe that before a career is even considered, one must examineRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Social Work Practice And Educational Need1322 Words   |  6 PagesFourth, I am going to write about strengths and weaknesses in relation to social work practice and educational need. One of my strongest strengths as a social worker is patience. It helps me to persevere enthusiastically towards conquering goals and objectives when assisting my clients. Patience keeps alive the objective in mind to meet. Physical or psychological exhaustion only reaffir ms the importance of patience. For that reason, it’s important to be patience with what we start out with the aimRead MoreAssignment 302 Principles Of Personal Development In Adult Social Care Settings1374 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 302 Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Task A Guidance You are going to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practiceRead MoreEssay on importance of reflective practice1556 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand themselves and the learning process. Reflection can help us control over our own learning and achievements. Reflection leads to learning from experience and outlines strengths and weaknesses; by completing action plans to work on weaknesses will lead to continued learning and improvement. Rogers (1996,) states â€Å"Reflection on experience to action forms a large part of the learning process†. The process of reflection helps the practitioner to assess, understand and gain knowledge throughRead MorePersonal Statement On Self Confidence1099 Words   |  5 Pageslearnt at university, to plan out my vision before expressing it. This will help others buy in to my vision. To do this, I will need to improve my self-confidence. Self-confidence is an important characteristic of successful leaders. Cavallo and Brienza (2006) explain that self-confidence assists in the imaging process. Having self-confidence not only helps, when and how well you explain your vision, but, can help in developing an advanced vision (Sosik Dinger, 2007). Sosik and Dinger (2007)Read MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Intelligence On An Individuals Leadership Abilities1338 Words   |  6 PagesGoleman, 2004). Understanding emotional intelligence is important because it helps leaders understand their values and goals (Goleman, 2004 p. 2); furthermore, it helps individuals understand or regulate other persons emotional as well (Neck, et al., 2017 p. 145). Emotional intelligence has become such a staple in leadership that psychologist have begun to study EI in low-level positions as well (Goleman, 2004 p. 2). Currently, in my position as an Academic Advisor, I do not have any leader ship positionsRead MoreReflection On Social Work1365 Words   |  6 Pagesrequired to be a social worker and even more are required to be an effective social worker. Being able to fully understand what these skills are as well as how and when to appropriately apply them is very important. Some of the myriad of skills that a social worker is expected to know, I displayed some of these with a degree of skill although there are also some techniques that I was unable to execute as effectively as I would like. In that same vein, an examination of my own personal strengths and weaknesses

Public Health Problem Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Australia - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Public Health Problem Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Australia. Answer: Introduction: Vitamin D is an essential component for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus in human body. It supports bone mineralization and strengthens bone. Appropriate level of Vitamin D in human body has been found to decrease the likelihood of bone disorders like rickets and osteoporosis in children. However, the Vitamin D deficiency has become a major public health issue globally due to limited exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and complication in pregnancy (1). This report particularly examines the public health problem of Vitamin D deficiency in Australia and examines the actions taken in the country to address the issue at population level. Is Vitamin deficiency a public health problem in Australia Vitamin D is an essential fat soluble vitamin for bone health because it helps in the regulation and absorption of calcium level in blood. It is also regarded as important to maintain bone health and prevent fractures. The review of the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has shown that it is prevalent in many countries worldwide particularly those falling in low latitudes. About 1 billion people have been found to have low vitamin D levels and the disease is common mostly in all age groups (2). It is also linked to other diseases like hypertension, diabetes, cancer and autoimmune disease because Vitamin D is needed for healthy cardiovascular system, hormones and immunity. The human body get most the Vitamin D from regular exposure to sunlight as the skin produces the vitamin when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) light from the sun. However, Vitamin D deficiency is also public health burden in Australia despite receiving plenty of sunlight. The most common cause for this is that people are not adequately exposed to enough sunlight on a daily basis. People with naturally very dark skin are at high risk of Vitamin D deficiency because dark skin pigment has lesser ability to produce Vitamin D. Secondly, exposure time decreases in people due to location, season and amount of skin exposed to sunlight. For example, people working indoor environment, older and weak adults, and those who avoid the due to health issues get little or no sun exposure at all and become prone to Vitamin D deficiency risk. A mother who is low in Vitamin D also increases the risk in breastfed babies. In addition, certain health conditions and medication also cause low Vitamin D in an individual (3). National study has confirmed that Vitamin D deficiency has become an emerging heath issue in Australia. In a study done with 11000 adults in Australia, one-third of them were found to be deficient in Vitamin D. It highlighted the Vitamin D status of Australia by stating that women, elderly, obese, non-European background people and people with less amount of physical activity are at greater risk of deficiency (4). The negative point for public health system of Australia is that they have abundance of rich sunlight, still Vitamin D deficiency is turning out to be a major health issue in the country. The proportion of risk differs on the basis of level of deficiency. For instance, low level of deficiency leads to soft bones and frequent fractures and high level of deficiency leads to life threatening diseases like osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics National Health Measures Survey (NHMS), the level of deficiency is determined based on the following cut off: Mild deficiency for Vitamin D level of 30-49 nmol/L Moderate deficiency for 13-29 nmol/L vitamin D Severe deficiency for less than 12nmol/L Total deficiency for less than 50 nmol/L Sufficient level at greater than 50nmol/L On the basis of above definition for severity, the survey done in 2010-2012 showed that majority of Australian adults had good levels of Vitamin D. 23% had mild deficiency to moderate deficiency and only 1% has severe deficiency. Hence, 23% or one in every four adults in Australia were found to suffer from Vitamin D deficiency. The deficiency was found more in older adults than younger people. The rate of deficiency varied with season too with low rate in winter and high rate in summer. The survey also revealed that risk of Vitamin D deficiency was higher for people born in Southern and Central Asia compared to those born in Australia. People who were physically inactive and obese were also found to have low levels of the vitamin. (5). A study also points out to Vitamin D deficiency in South Australian population and high burden of dealing with the condition (6). There is a need to take future actions to reduce the risk factor for the disease and improve Vitamin D level. Action being taken in Australia to address Vitamin D deficiency: The publication of the ABS report for Vitamin D deficiency in Australia was associated with many issues and controversies, which finally led to health service or policy related changes. Firstly, a new indication for Vitamin D supplementation was identified after a study showed that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of respiratory tract infection. The impact of Vitamin D supplementation on reducing Vitamin D deficiency was also studied by various researchers and many health professional were confused about the health benefits of supplementation. However, tone study showed that sun exposure and Vitamin D have independent effects on disease risk and more research is needed to identify the true benefits of supplementation of reducing the risk of immune function impairment and cardiovascular disease (8). In response to the ABS report for 2011-12, many public health actions has been taken to address the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Australia. Firstly, changes in many policies were also done to maintain Vitamin D levels in different food items because many foods were found to have less amount of Vitamin D. As indicated by the Australian Standard, it mandated the food manufacturing company to maintain the limit of 55mm/kg of Vitamin D in butter and fortified food products. In response to the low level of vitamin D in children and adults, dietary Vitamin D consumption per day for children were also provided. Hence, public health agency took the initiative of supplementing the food supply with vitamin D to maintain the level of deficiency in Australian people. Focusing on the dietary source of Vitamin D was also considered important because of the lifestyle choices of the Australian population. Many people remain indoor or use sunscreen while going to prevent risk of skin cancer and so the Vitamin D limits supplementation from food items is considered a good step by the government. Mandatory fortification of milk and yoghurt was also proposed to reduce the risk of Vitamin D deficiency in the population (7). However, there is no clarity regarding whether food products fortification should be made voluntary or mandatory. Taking strong decision and policy reform in this area may help to reduce the public health burden associated with the disease. Public health action was also taken to support screening of all women with Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. Observational studies in Australia had showed that among women attending antenatal care in Sydney, 15% had serum HD lower than 25nmol/L. Taking action for pregnant women was particularly considered important due to the high associated with the deficiency for them. Vitamin D deficiency in newborn has been found to led to low serum calcium level, rickets and defective tooth enamel in newborn baby. Impact on fetal growth is also seen as children with vitamin D deficient mothers has been found to have lower birth weight and low mineral density. It also increases the likelihood of diseases like cancer, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia because of the affect on the functioning of different body tissues (9). In response to address this issue in pregnant women, Vitamin D supplementation was considered important to improve maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy. The clinica l practice guideline showed that screening for the deficiency in women was important if they has dark skin, limited exposure to sunlight and pre pregnancy BMI of greater than 402.. Dosage and forms of supplementation was decided and calcium intake level was fixed. For women below 18 years, it was 1300 mg calcium and for women above 18 years, it was 1000 mg. The recommendation for health staff was to maintain the dose of Vitamin D in women and dietary source of calcium and Vitamin D was planned which included milk, bony fish, nuts, margarine, eggs and soy beverages (10). Hence, this step was found to be effective in reducing the risk and identifying at risk person effectively. A peer-reviewed research article also examined the implications of vitamin D supplementation in Australia. After the report on high rates of Vitamin D deficiency, very few studies evaluated the impact of Vitamin D supplements on health outcome. Although between the year 2000-2011, about $94 million supplement were sold in Australia, however there was lack of study regarding analyzing the way supplementation is used. The research study investigated about the effects of vitamin D supplementation to improve and further develop the supplementation process. Vitamin D requirement was not met from diet because very few food items in Australia has adequate vitamin D levels. Despite the fortification of edible oil and spreads, the vitamin D level was not met by many food producing agencies. However, those who took supplements led a healthier lifestyle and their quality of diet was also good. They were also found to be aware about the need for sun exposure and eating foods containing Vitamin D . Such people were healthier compared to those who did not used supplements. The implication from the study is that after the first decade of vitamin D supplementation, awareness about risk and testing has increased among public. However, one negative result seen from the study is that Australia is spending too much on supplementation in other areas too where it is not necessary (11). Hence, to reduce unnecessary spending, development of appropriate vitamin D supplementation guideline is necessary. This will help to correct the dose required and prevent unnecessary use too. Taking action regarding preventing vitamin D deficiency was also found to improve the cancer incidence in Australia. Cancer has been a common public threat in Australia and WHO recommendation was that this can be prevented by addressing the risk factors such as tobacco smoking, diet, physical inactivity, sun exposure and alcohol consumption. Although this study considered many other elements apart from sun exposure and Vitamin D intake, the information related to Vitamin was only analyzed for this study. The strength of this study was that it pointed out to the recent rise in vitamin D deficiency due to the influence of the sun protection programs. Adequate level of Vitamin D can be maintained only when skin is exposed to the sun followed by receiving small proportion of vitamin D through diet (12). Hence, the public health action of increasing the awareness about risk and benefits of sun exposure became important to reduce the deficiency and public health burden related to Vitamin D deficiency. Currently, people still has doubts regarding the role of sun protection and effective public health action in this area is considered important. Strategies or recommendation for future focus to reduce burden from Vitamin D deficiency: The review of the Australian Governments action to reduce vitamin D deficiency pointed out to many strength and weakness of the Public Health Agency. For instance, the fortification of the food items and the policy development regarding it was a beneficial step for the country considering the lack of vitamin D level in different food items. Secondly, the guideline regarding Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D supplementation was considered as an important step to reduce the risk in pregnant women and new born babies too. However, the analysis of the public level action also pointed out to certain areas of improvement. For instance, lot of unnecessary investment in Vitamin D supplementation was also seen because of poor knowledge regarding Vitamin D supplementation and its daily intake among public. The sun protection program and the tendency to remain indoors was also regarded as a factor leading to high rate of vitamin D deficiency. Over-screening and over-diagnosis was also con sidered as an issue in preventing the health issue. Hence, in future more action is required regarding educating the public about importance of sun exposure, improving the screening process and maintaining a health life style along with good diet to reduce the health burden associated with Vitamin D deficiency. The future recommendation to improve Vitamin D testing in Australia is that unnecessary labeling and overtreatment in healthy individual needs to be reduced. The rate of increase in testing has increased the cost for 25-hydroxyvotamin D deficiency in the country (24(OH)D). Variation in frequency of testing and adapting international testing guideline was found. Hence, the recommendation is to separate individuals who are at high risk of deficiency such as elderly people or people with dark skins. It is necessary to follow the Australian Bone and Mineral Society recommendation of testing every three months after a loading dose 25(OH)D has been given to affected people (13). In addition, to track the benefits of the supplementation, it is necessary to monitor the performance of the replacement therapy on health outcome of people. Adoption of specific guideline for 25(OH)D testing may also improve the efficiency of testing. Conclusion: The report summarized the prevalence of the Vitamin D deficiency in Australia and pointed out to public health burden by means of present risk and inefficiency in the public health system of the country. In response to the data or report presented on the rise in rate of Vitamin D deficiency, the public health action implemented in Australia to reduce the health risk was discussed. It gave the idea about the benefits of supplemented program and also pointed out to future action due to the identification of improvement in testing and screening process for Vitamin D deficiency. References WHO | Vitamin D nutrition with a focus on the prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women [Internet]. Who.int. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.who.int/nutrition/events/2015_vit_d_workshop_pregnantwomen_21to24Apr15/en/ Palacios C, Gonzalez L. Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2014 Oct 31;144:138-45. Vitamin D | Osteoporosis Australia [Internet]. Osteoporosis.org.au. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.osteoporosis.org.au/vitamin-d Vitamin D deficiency strikes one-third of Australians [Internet]. Deakin.edu.au. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.deakin.edu.au/research/research-news/articles/vitamin-d-deficiency-strikes-one-third-of-australians 0.55.006 - Australian Health Survey: Biomedical Results for Nutrients, 2011-12 [Internet]. Abs.gov.au. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4364.0.55.006Chapter2002011-12 Gill TK, Hill CL, Shanahan EM, Taylor AW, Appleton SL, Grant JF, Shi Z, Dal Grande E, Price K, Adams RJ. Vitamin D levels in an Australian population. BMC public health. 2014 Sep 26;14(1):1001. Nutrition D. Food fortification with vitamin D: a public health issue for Australians [Internet]. Deakin Nutrition. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://deakinnutrition.wordpress.com/2013/07/04/food-fortification-with-vitamin-d-a-public-health-issue-for-australians/ Hartley M, Hoare S, Lithander FE, Neale RE, Hart PH, Gorman S, Gies P, Sherriff J, Swaminathan A, Beilin LJ, Mori TA. Comparing the effects of sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D insufficiency, and immune and cardio-metabolic function: the Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation (SEDS) Study. BMC public health. 2015 Feb 10;15(1):115. Department of Health | 8.9 Vitamin D deficiency [Internet]. Health.gov.au. 2017 [cited 4 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/clinical-practice-guidelines-ac-mod1~part-b~maternal-health-screening~vitamin-d-deficiency Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy [Internet]. 2017 [cited 4 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/development/manuals/OG_guidelines/sectionb/1/b1.1.9.pdf Bilinski K, Talbot P. Vitamin D supplementation in Australia: implications for the development of supplementation guidelines. Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2014 Aug 19;2014. Youl P, Baade P, Meng X. Impact of prevention on future cancer incidence in Australia. InCancer Forum 2012 Mar (Vol. 36, No. 1, p. 37). The Cancer Council Australia. Bilinski K, Boyages S. Evidence of overtesting for vitamin D in Australia: an analysis of 4.5 years of Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) data. BMJ open. 2013 Jan 1;3(6):e002955.

Ti-Jean and His Brothers Essay Example

Ti-Jean and His Brothers Paper Ti-Jean and His Brothersis a very rich play in all the aspects one would expect. There is comedy and tragedy as well as the effects of music, sound and light. In the play we also see how the english language has evolved in such a way as to complement the culture of the caribbean. Ti-Jean and His Brothers is an engaging and enjoyable play. The comical aspects of the play permeate the entire story. The comedy mainly comes into play during the interaction between the Devil and each of the three brothers. When Gros Jean is working for the planter the Devil, as the Planter, deliberately goads Gros jean by calling him by all sorts of names except his own. Soon after the Planter enters he says : Thats right Gros Chien, Gros Jean, Gros Jean, Sorry. The Planter goes from calling Gros Jean, Joe, to Mac, to Gros Chien, to Charley, back to Mac, then to Horace and then francis, Joe again, Henry and ends with Benton then Mervin near the end of the scene. Youre worth more to me, Benton than fifty m en. So you should smoke, after all. And such a pleasant disposition, always smiling. Just Like a skull. But Remember Mervin, Id like you to try and finish this, you see I have a contract and the harder you work the more I . . . . The humour would be more apparent if one was actually visualising the way it would be acted on stage. The Planter would probably say the different names in an absent minded fashion while Gros Jean gets more and more frustrated. Gros Jean would probably feel as if his identity was in jeopardy. Identity is very important to Gros Jean, this is illustrated by the various references he makes to his strength, something he considers integral to his identity. Unlike Gros Jean, Mi Jean is not worried so much about the questioning of his identity as he is about the questioning of his learning. The author, Derek Walcott, uses the pompous, self important attitude Mi Jean has towards his learning to create comedy. Mi Jean is very